Raymond Carvers Neighbors Essay - 462 Words

In Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Neighbors† the speaker’s attention seems to be more directed on the Bill and Arlene Miller. The Millers are a married couple who were once a happy couple but as the years went along they felt grew apart. It seems as though they are too busy comparing their lives to the Harriet and Jim Stone, which are their neighbors, that they don’t have time to fix their marriage. The Stones do what married people should do and that’s â€Å"go out for dinner, or entertaining at home, or traveling about the country somewhere†¦(70).† The Millers are given the responsibility of looking after the Stones apartment for ten days, while they are on a pleasure trip. During these ten days they have to feed their Kitty, and water the plants.†¦show more content†¦The first occasion he found a container of pills in the medicine chest labeling â€Å"-Harriet Stone. One each day as directed (70).† He took it and put it in his pocket. When I read that I asked myself, ‘why would he need a woman’s prescription?’ Then he drank some liquor and went across the hall to his wife. He played with her breast and asked her to come to bed. For some reason Bill started to act differently ever since he went to the Stone’s apartment. The longer he stayed in the apartment the more his sex drive would go up. He would come home early from work or even not go. â€Å"In the morning he had Arlene call in for him (71).† The story didn’t really focus on what his wife would do when she went to the Stones apartment but she herself liked going in there. Som ething unusual happened when Bill went to the Stones apartment one day. â€Å"He rummaged through the top drawers until he found a pair of panties and a brassiere. He stepped in the panties and fastened the brassiere, then look through the closet for an outfit(72).† At the end of the story Arlene stated â€Å"I just remembered. I really and truly forgot to do what I went over there to do. I didn’t feed the cat of do any watering (73).† This gives out that she was doing something else in the apartment other than what she should be doing. Come to find out she was looking at some mystery pictures, but Bill couldn’t see the pictures cause she locked the keys in the apartment. Hence, asShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis of Raymond Carvers Neighbors757 Words   |  4 PagesAll We Really Need in Life is Each Other Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Neighbors† is a moral based story. In the beginning of their marriage Bill and Arlene were very content with one another’s companionship, but now they live in envy of their neighbors, Harriet and Jim. It seemed to the Millers that the Stones live a much more fulfilling life. When Harriet and Jim are away on business/vacation trip they would entrust Bill and Arlene to feed Kitty, water the plants, and look after their apartment. The Miller’sRead More Themes in Raymond Carvers Literature Essay743 Words   |  3 PagesThemes in Raymond Carvers Literature In Short Cuts, by Raymond Carver, characters experience trials and problems in their lives, whether extreme such as in A Small, Good Thing and Lemonade or nominal such as in Vitamins. They all seem to depict these struggles as uphill battles which the characters cannot and mostly do not overcome. The characters throughout Carvers Short Cuts struggle through their lives in private desperation, often to ultimately realize that they are bound toRead MoreThe Most Important American Fiction Writer1661 Words   |  7 PagesRaymond Carver has been called â€Å"the most important American fiction writer in the second half of the twentieth century† and â€Å"the most influential American short story writer since Ernest Hemingway† (Kleepe vii). He was very successful despite his many difficult life experiences. Carver grew up during a very difficult time in America. However, early on, Carver and his wife believed their hard work would eventually pay off despite the challenges in the world around them. They thought it would fix almostRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book What We Talk About When We Think About Love `` And Englander s `` Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagesstories are very similar to one another. Carver’s â€Å"What We Talk About When We Talk About Love† and Englander’s â€Å"What We Talk About When We Talk About Anne Frank† are no exception to this. Both share a common element, which is morality. Both stories focus on the morality of their respective characters. However, Englander’s story expands on this more than Carver’s story. By this we mean that Englander’s story has a much higher level of morality in it rather than Carver’s tale because he expands on everythingRead MoreRaymond Carver Neighbors Essay1975 Words   |  8 PagesNeighbors Neighbors is a short story written by Raymond Carver in 1988. It is from the collection of short stories Short cuts. The short story is in brief about the married couple Bill and Arlene Miller, who lives opposite the married couple Harriet and Jim stone. Bill and Arlene constantly see themselves in the light of the Stones happy life. Bill is a bookkeeper and Arlene is a secretary, while Jim is a salesman for a machine-parts firm. In the story the Stones are going on a business tripRead More Robert Altmans Film Adaptation of Raymond Carvers Short Cuts4363 Words   |  18 PagesRobert Altmans Film Adaptation of Raymond Carvers Short Cuts The characters in Robert Altmans film adaptation of the Raymond Carver anthology Short Cuts think theyre islands entire of themselves. They suspect their lives and their worlds of isolation, alienation, separation, in multiple senses of the words. They fail to see, or perhaps purposely ignore, connections between themselves and those around them, between their actions and the ramifications of those actions. And while a typicalRead MoreThe Idea, By Raymond Carver And The Death Of Justina1225 Words   |  5 PagesIn both postmodernism short stories, â€Å"The Idea,† by Raymond Carver and â€Å"The Death of Justina,† by John Cheever, the authors critique middle-class and suburban values. In the 1950’s-1960’s the United States and the Soviet Union were at international conflict, which caused the Pro-American/anti-communist defense line in America. In order not to get hunted down by the FBI the family units needed to project that they were â€Å"good guysâ⠂¬  by living in a suburban community with the traditional roles of theRead MoreIt’S Interesting How Everyone Has A Differing And Personal1659 Words   |  7 Pagesyour dog. Why is this question so hard to answer? I perceive love in a positive way but on the other hand Raymond perceives love differently. That’s okay because we all have different definitions. Throughout Raymond Carvers short stories he uses disconnection, distrust, and doubt to portray the idea that bad relationships and negative emotions can lead to misconceptions about love. In Carver’s story, â€Å"What We Talk about When We Talk about Love† he highlights the difficulties that can come with tryingRead MoreLove in Literature2486 Words   |  10 Pagesthe forms of love used in literature. In Simon May’s â€Å"Love: A History†, May mentions agape love, defining it, stating that â€Å"This love is compassionate and giving: the love of neighbor shown by the Good Samaritan† (May pg.177). The use of agape love as a catalyst for positive character development is evident in Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral†. The narrator of the story, who is ignorant and closed–minded, encounters a blind man whose name is Robert. Robert recognizes the narrators closed-mindedness, but

Creative Writing - 711 Words

Vagueness, Ambiguity and Clarity in Writing John Mackey The first example that I have chosen to use for this assignment is Example number two; Example 2 I was thrown from my truck as it left the road. I was later found in a ditch by a flock of wild turkeys. The vagueness in this example raises the question of why he was thrown from the truck. What caused this to happen? What were the underlying circumstances that ultimately led to being thrown from the truck? Another question that can be asked is where did the wild turkeys come from? There are all these questions that remain to be asked and also later to be answered. For the ambiguous side of the house, Dictionary.com defines ambiguity as doubtfulness or uncertainty†¦show more content†¦This example is being left up to the readers imagination. This example has no clear message that is being delivered. Someone like many in the class that read this can easily get confused by what the actual message of this example is. For the ambiguous faults in this example, are as such; again we look at the intent of the message and that there is no clear intent on what the message is to be. We know that a collection will be taken and that there is a committee that is heading this collection up but it leaves the question of Why? What for? Who? When we find the answers to these questions more clearly it can help us to understand better what exactly it is that is being said or trying to be said. Re-Written Example At next Sunday’s church mass a monetary collection will taken up to help with the cost of the new altar. Anyone within the church population wishing to help with the new altar can step forward and let the church treasury committee know about their ideas or their donations. The way that vagueness and ambiguity affects the understanding is that there is no clear message being relayed and that leads to confusion and questions being left unanswered. In writing it is never a wise decision to leave readers in the dark especially on real world events or situations. The way I understand critical thinking and clear writing is that to have one you need the other. To send across a clear message inShow MoreRelatedCreative Writing Is Not A Stranger831 Words   |  4 PagesCreative writing is not a stranger to the classroom. It’s more like a third cousin you see at family reunions. Unfortunately, creative writing is not seen as a beneficial skill students need to learn. Instead, it is used for elective classes or to fulfill a small section of a language arts standard. Creative writing provides more than entertainment, it provides â€Å"skills, which [students] have acquired in their pursuit of a fictional character, will serve them equally well in their pu rsuit of subjectsRead MoreCreative Writing Is An Entertaining Activity874 Words   |  4 PagesCreative writing is a string of lies that tell a story to bring out the dark truths in the world. They are works created in the mind that break the laws of the universe. With a multitude of forms, the type of creative writing--a poem, a short story, or maybe a play--decides the beginnings of a story. For some, creative writing is an entertaining activity, which has no restrictions, and can reveal everyday problems. Primarily, creative writers have an abundant amount of reasons behind why theyRead MoreLiterary Art And Creative Writing1350 Words   |  6 Pagesstare at a blank page until words slowly start to come? . Writers are similar to artist, as they are compelled to express themselves and helps make art out of everyday, ordinary moments. Writers produce various forms of literary art and creative writing such as novels, short stories, poetry, plays, screenplays, and essays as well as various  reports and news articles that may be of interest to the public. They create written works in a wide range of literary genres and can be classifiedRead MoreTechnical Writing And Creative Writing1312 Words   |  6 PagesMany people are unaware that there are many different types of writing. Writing is used in a wide variety of different subjects. Some people think that left part of the brain is used for technical writing and the right side is used for creative writing (Patel). Technical writing is used in the fields of science, engineering, technology and the health sciences (Nordquist). Creative writing is used in novels, poems, epics, short stories, screenplays, songs, television scripts, etc. (YourDictionary)Read More Creative Writing in the Composition Classroom Essay3578 Words   |  15 Pagesnot only work on a studentà ­s writing, they also get the students to think through their writing (at least the good ones do). There is a certain well-accepted style to teaching writing in the traditional composition class, and it works very well for many students and teachers. However, should the line of comfort be crossed, and if so, how? Should composition instructors grab a hold of a different writing style, making it the focal point of their pedagogies in their writing classes? More importantly,Read MoreCreative Writing As A Tool For Enhancing Algerian Efl1441 Words   |  6 PagesCreative writing in EFL: Creative writing has begun to gain its popularity in the field of EFL/ ESL. This issue is recently mostly intrigued the interest of many countries including, United Kingdom, Pakistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand, Ireland, United States and south Africa (Google Trends, 2015). Alan Maley is considered as one of the pioneers in the field of teaching creative writing in EFL settings. He, in fact, has numerous scholarly articles on creative writingRead MoreThrough My Creative Writing And Reading Experience, I Have1156 Words   |  5 PagesThrough my creative writing and reading experience, I have been exposed to a variety of literary genres. My preferred genres have consistently been free verse poetry, fiction, and non-fiction. For the purpose of this class, I have chosen the genre of creative non-fiction. My focus will be literary essays that address humanity’s universal desire for a sense of identity and belonging; these essays will be written from a personal perspective, containing anecdotes, internal conflicts, and external opinionsRead MoreCreative Writing1236 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Creative Writing versus Technical Writing† It is often difficult to distinguish the differences and similarities between Technical Writing and Creative Writing. Writing is writing and good writing is creative writing. If we accept, however, that Technical Writing exists in its own category, with Creative Writing in another, how can we categorize creative Technical writing? One way to explore the differences and similarities between Technical Writing and Creative Writing is toRead MoreCreative Writing : Creative Story1726 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"It†¦it is kind of like a year†¦that would be the best definition.† Why did I just explain it to her? What is wrong with me? Jade freezes. The first exchange between their people. Not a simple ‘question-answer’ conversation, but an actual exchange of knowledge. She is the very first to discover something about him and his people from him, willingly. He taught me a word. Jade soon smiles wide and then nods to him. â€Å"I guarantee that once you’re out of here weeks will go by as if they were nothing.† Read MoreCreative Writing : A Creative Project1016 Words   |  5 PagesAA Creative Project I will say that research/discussion/readings have informed my project in several ways. First I will start off with research. Tristan and I decided to do a video with our voices voiced over it with pictures/videos playing. In order to do that we decided to get creative with it and do some â€Å"research† at different black places around LA. The first place that we visited was Leimert park. Leimert Park has become the center of African-American art, music, and culture in Los Angeles

Marketing Analysis Yogen Fruz - 1305 Words

Contents Executive Summary 2 Current Marketing Environment 3 SWOT Analysis 5 Strengths: 5 Weakness 6 Opportunities 6 Threats 7 Short-term and Long-Term Objectives 7 Marketing Strategy 8 Position 8 Pricing 8 Promotion 9 Product Strategy 10 Distribution 11 Bibliography 12 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 Executive Summary Yogen Fruz is a frozen yogurt company attempting to expand its number of stores within China. The brand is built around the idea of using high quality healthy ingredients in their products while creating a unique environment that customers will enjoy and want to return to. While most frozen yogurt competitors are just entering the Chinese market, Yogen Fruz is already established†¦show more content†¦Throughout history, the Chinese have eagerly adopted new foods and ingredients. The target market of Yogen Fruz has tendency to purchase the latest trends in whatever is tasty and nutritious. In the past, one of the few foods that has not impressed the Chinese diet is dairy products. Currently, however, many dairy products are gaining in popularity amongst the Chinese population. Things like yogurt, various forms of milk, and especially ice cream are now common products. A lot of these dairy products are imported from foreign countries, such as America, Singapore, and New Zeala nd. In contemporary China, people not only focus on what’s delicious, but also the health benefits that the food product had to offer. Frozen yogurt is a hybrid food, offering both a delicious taste and health benefits. The usage of fresh fruit and lower calorie ingredients has thrust frozen yogurt into popularity amongst dessert lovers worldwide, while still capturing the health food sector of the market. High quality and healthy food defined the Yogen Fruz culture and allow the company to appeal to its target market. Part of this health food craze was sprung on by modernization. This modernization impacts Yogen Fruz’s target market interest’s, such as Cafà © culture, fashion trends, and eating habits. With modernization, young females have an increasingly lucrative income and are willing toShow MoreRelatedPorters Five Forces Example1825 Words   |  8 Pagesdeveloping very fast. The huge potential of the Chinese ice cream market, strongly attract the multinational manufacturer of ice cream to invest in the ice cream market in China. This essay attempts to analyze the unique marketing strategy of Haagen-Dazs in China using an analysis of market concentration and Porter s five forces. Moreover, it analyzes other major competitors of Haagen-Dazs and their competitive strategies. Concentration Market concentration is concerned with the number of firmsRead MoreA Study of Developing and Training in Haagen-Dazs in China3864 Words   |  16 Pagesice cream industry between supply and demand variation according to the domestic market, taking into account the global market environment, through the thorough investigation and research on the ice cream industry enterprise groups. Meanwhile, the analysis report of the Chinese ice cream market for the characteristics of the ice cream industry and its downstream industries from different angles cut into the industry, and ice cream industries and enterprises put forward to the powerful data supportRead MoreStarbucks Analysis7510 Words   |  31 PagesTable of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary 03 2.0 Company Overview 04 2.1 Company Structure 04 2.2 Mission Statement 05 2.3 Financial Analysis 06 3.0 Competitive Analysis 06 3.1 Second Cup 06 3.2 Timothys 08 3.3 The Symposium Cafe 09 3.4 Tim Hortons 10 4.0 Competition in Canada 10 4.1 Direct Competition 10 4.2 Indirect Competition 11 5.0 Starbucks Current Positioning 13 5.1 Retail Positioning Matrix 13 6.0 Strengths and Weaknesses 14 6.1 Strengths 14 6.2 Weaknesses 15 7.0 External FactorsRead MoreA Mission Statement For U Swirl, Inc.2221 Words   |  9 Pagesassistance with trade area development, site selection, and lease negotiation, ongoing coaching, local store marketing, and more (U-Swirl, 2016). Although franchising leads to less control for U-Swirl, Inc., the more centralized structure of its brands’ training and marketing has led to a more cohesive and consistent strategy for U-Swirl, despite brand-to-brand differences like marketing, imagery, color schemes, and so on. Operational Restructuring Starting in September 2014, U-Swirl, Inc. beganRead MoreCupcake Shop5878 Words   |  24 PagesYour assessment will not be accepted unless all fields below are completed Subject Code: | BUSM4092 | Subject Name: | Applied Entrepreneurship | Location where you study: | RMIT Vietnam – SGS | Title of Assignment: | Feasibility Analysis | Student name: | Kim Koan DongPham Anh HoaNguyen Phu HaiPham Phuong Nghi | Student Number: | s3324450s3298342s3255278S3269894 | Learning Facilitator in charge: | Ms. Agatha Heng | Assignment due date: | 07/09/2012 | Date of Submission:

Investigating of Health Information Technology Implementations

Question: Discuss about the Investigating Health Information Technology Implementations Case of the Patient-Centered Medical Home. Answer: Field of Research The proposed research will be conducted on the importance of Information technology on healthcare organizations. The healthcare delivery system across Australia is facing an increasing pressure to redesign itself to become more efficient. Millions of dollars are invested in the healthcare system and making it a biggest delivery system in the world (Behkami Daim 2016). It is accepted that the implementation of Health Information Technology could assist in identifying and resolving some of the barriers faced by a healthcare delivery system. Even though, the potential benefits of using HIT have been widely accepted, till now the implementation has been slow. Thereby, it is necessary to conduct a research with the purpose of developing a suitable outcome that helps healthcare organizations in terms of technology. Sources of data to be used in the study In order to conduct the research, the data will be collected from different secondary sources such as journals, books, blogs, and newsletter. The journals and articles will be collected from the Google Scholar. In addition, the proposed research includes the data from the wide reading sources. Research Questions What are the underlying structures of implementation challenges that healthcare organizations observe? How does the extent of registry implementation affect the use of registry in healthcare centre? Key terms to be used in the study Registry Implementation Payer Mix and Registry Implementation Electronic Medical Records Health Information Technology References Behkami, N., Daim, T. U. (2016). Exploring technology adoption in the case of the Patient-Centered Medical Home.Health Policy and Technology,5(2), 166-188. Buntin, M. B., Burke, M. F., Hoaglin, M. C., Blumenthal, D. (2011). The benefits of health information technology: a review of the recent literature shows predominantly positive results.Health affairs,30(3), 464-471. Cipriano, P. F., Bowles, K., Dailey, M., Dykes, P., Lamb, G., Naylor, M. (2013). The importance of health information technology in care coordination and transitional care.Nursing outlook,61(6), 475-489. Kraschnewski, J. L., Gabbay, R. A. (2013). Role of health information technologies in the Patient-centered Medical Home.Journal of diabetes science and technology,7(5), 1376-1385. Miriovsky, B. J., Shulman, L. N., Abernethy, A. P. (2012). Importance of health information technology, electronic health records, and continuously aggregating data to comparative effectiveness research and learning health care.Journal of Clinical Oncology,30(34), 4243-4248.

Working and Developing Communities-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Working and Developing Communities. Answer: Introduction: Community service is basically the concept of helping people in need so that the work as a whole benefits a particular person or group of people of a particular area who are taken under consideration. It can concern the area of a persons residence, it can be a particular area of focus involving a particular area or locality. It can also refer to a particular type of area of focus mainly a village or a town which helps in the application of the models of community service. In general it is seen that a sense of community brings out the best in people and also inspires them to consciously do much more for themselves and for those people who are around them (Swanepoel De Beer, 2012). Empowerment in the areas of social development and community improvement leads to long lasting impacts in such cases. The main consideration in such instances of community service involves the socio-economic barriers which lead to poverty, crime, poor health conditions and also the underperformance of schools (Ife, 2013). Community of focus: The plan of action with respect to community development requires that there be a specific area that is a geographical background which needs to be considered in this particular situation. This area of focus can be a town or a suburb, a village or neighbourhood. In this particular study the main area of focus of the community service is taken to be a village. The reasons for choosing a village as an area to focus on for community change is because villages are deprived of certain basic facilities which the residents and the village as a whole should ideally receive (Flora, 2018). Villages face issues of gender equality, education, exposure, age related issues, farmers associations, issues of the minority community, children and women-centric issues, which ideally need to be addressed. Therefore villages need to be given their due importance and majority of the issues it has been facing in the realm of community development need to be addressed as fast as possible. Desired changes to the community: There are several issues in the concept of village development. All these issues are equally important. No issue is less crucial than another. Therefore it is desirable that there is an all round development of a village with special attention to all the aspects of community development. First and foremost there needs to be an inspired community. It is usually considered that even more than the infrastructural development of a village, there needs to be a focus on making the lives of the residents better with respect to the development of the village. In order to become a village which is a perfect model for social change, then the people of the village need to be inspired to participate in the improvement of their own lives and the communities. In case a community is willing to work together and keeps the improvement of their lives in mind, a village can be transformed from the negatives which it has been facing and there can be a proper quality of life which should ideally be the case in rural areas (Eversole, Barraket Luke, 2013). Another crucial change which can be implemented in the villages for proper development is the enrolment, engagement and proper empowerment of the people to actively take part in the construction of the village sand also to take part in the village level maintenance and operation. Villages need to be developed and maintained and the villages need to be encouraged to maintain the infrastructure which is being provided to the particular area. The villagers also need to be encouraged to create decision making bodies which help in the representation of their communities and also help in finding solutions to their problems (Green Haines, 2015). The villages also suffer due to the location they are placed at. This might be a cumbersome procedure as certain areas are prone to environmental hazards each year. Model of community work best suited to the desired change: There are three main models of community organisation and community development. These include focussing on the broader social approaches to human betterment, emphasis on the effective delivery of procedures and services, strengthening of community life and prevention of social ills. The three main models which are suited to the community change are the social planning model, social action model and the local development model. The social planning model is concerned with the rational, deliberately planned and technical procedure of solving problems which are a characteristic of the model. The degree of participation in the community might vary. It needs to be understood that the building capacity of the community or fostering fundamental social change is not a crucial goal of the specific model of community practice (Arensberg, 2017). The practitioners help in the practicing of the model assume that there is a disadvantaged segment of the people which needs to be organised to make demands on community at large. The crucial themes in this model include social justice, democracy, redistribution of power, resources and the concept of decision making (Berkes Ross, 2013). The local development model is based on the belief that for the effective implementation of change there need to be a wide variety of community people who should be involved in the planning, implementation and evaluation. The themes involved in this particular procedure involve that of democratic procedures, voluntary cooperation, development of leadership and educational objectives. From a proper study of all the three models which have been discussed above, it can clearly be stated that the locality development model is the ideal model which can be used in this context of community change and development (Chambers, 2014). Conclusion: In the recent times, there have been a number of forces which have changed the landscape of the family life, community life and the social life of the people in the community. Unless the villages prosper, the overall human race cannot develop. Therefore it is desirable that the villages are given as much importance as the cities. The all round development of the villages is desirable along with the educational growth of the children in all the rural parts. All in all community development is an important aspect which needs to be employed for the advancement of civilization as a whole References: Arensberg, C. M. (2017).Introducing social change: A manual for community development. Routledge. Berkes, F., Ross, H. (2013). Community resilience: toward an integrated approach.Society Natural Resources,26(1), 5-20. Chambers, R. (2014).Rural development: Putting the last first. Routledge. Eversole, R., Barraket, J., Luke, B. (2013). Social enterprises in rural community development.Community Development Journal,49(2), 245-261. Flora, C. B. (2018).Rural communities: Legacy+ change. Routledge. Green, G. P., Haines, A. (2015).Asset building community development. Sage publications. Ife, J. (2013).Community development in an uncertain world. Cambridge University Press. Swanepoel, H., De Beer, F. (2012).Community development: Breaking the cycle of poverty. Juta and Company Ltd.

Extrovert vs Introvert free essay sample

This has implications for leaders and managers at all levels who want to improve their own leadership styles. If you look at existing leadership research, extraversion stands out as the most consistent and robust predictor of who becomes a leader and who is rated an effective leader, Grant says. But I thought this was incomplete. It tells us little about the situations in which introverted leaders can be more effective than extraverted leaders. So he and his fellow researchers began looking at the issue through the lens of a business that could easily track productivity and team effectiveness pizza delivery franchises. We wanted to study an organization where we could actually see differences in performance, and where people were generally doing the same work, Grant notes. If there is variation in franchise profitability, as a function of who leads and who your employees are, then that would be a very powerful statement about the true impact of a leader on a group. We will write a custom essay sample on Extrovert vs Introvert or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Threatened By Proactivity The researchers obtained data from a national pizza delivery company. They sent questionnaires to 130 stores and received complete responses from 57; the responses included 57 store leaders and 374 employees. To adjust for differences in location that were beyond the leaders influence, the researchers also controlled for the average price of pizza orders and worker hours. Leaders were asked to rate their own extraversion the degree to which they commanded the center of attention by acting talkative, assertive, outgoing and dominant. Employees were asked to rate levels of proactive behavior in the store, such as improving procedures, correcting faulty practices, speaking up with ideas and stating opinions about work issues. What Grant and his colleagues found was a simple inverse relationship: When employees are proactive, introverted managers lead them to earn higher profits. When employees are not proactive, extraverted managers lead them to higher profits. These proactive behaviors are especially important in a dynamic and uncertain economy, but because extraverted leaders like to be the center of attention, they tend to be   Ã‚  All  materials  copyright  of  the  Wharton  School  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. Page  1  of  3 This is a single/personal use copy of [emailprotected] For multiple copies, custom reprints, e-prints, posters or plaques, please contact PARS International: [emailprotected] com P. (212) 221-9595 x407. Analyzing Effective Leaders: Why Extraverts Are Not Always the Most Successful Bosses: [emailprotected]ton (http://knowledge. wharton. upenn. edu/article. cfm? articleid=2638) and uncertain economy, but because extraverted leaders like to be the center of attention, they tend to be threatened by employee proactivity, Grant notes. Introverted leaders, on the other hand, are more likely to listen carefully to suggestions and support employees efforts to be proactive. Pairing an extraverted leader with a proactive team, he says, can hurt, not just hinder, the companys effectiveness. Once the extraverted leader responds in a less receptive way, that becomes discouraging for employees and makes them less willing to work hard, Grant states. It may also make them less willing to share ideas in the future, which would limit creativity and innovation. In fact, the personality conflicts can lead to a power struggle within an organization, openly pitting leaders against employees. This is especially true in companies or groups with a flat hierarchy for example, if the leaders were recently promoted from the peer level, or if a new leaders competence and skills are not yet established. Such situations would be much more likely to lead employees to challenge, and leaders to feel threatened, a situation known as status uncertainty, according to Grant. If you are leading a pizza franchise, you are often doing this as your full-time job, and you might be managing high school and college students who have a different set of aspirations and, in some cases, might actually look down upon you as the leader, Grant points out. At that point, an employee with a better idea for how to get orders processed efficiently on Super Bowl night, or a suggestion for a new coupon or special deal, could make extraverted leaders feel like their status is being threatened. They might say, Im supposed to be in charge here. Let me reassert my authority. Whereas the introverted leader, with less of a concern for position, status and power and a willingness to spend more time listening and less time talking is likely to quietly process the ideas that come up. That leader is worrying less about the ego or image implications of employees taking charge and introducing ideas. The T-shirt Challenge The research team also conducted another study that looked specifically at extraverted leadership behavior, not just self-reported traits. They took 163 college students from a university in the Southeastern U. S. and designated them as team members and leaders in a T-shirt folding group. The aim was to fold as many shirts as possible in 10 minutes, with iPods as a reward for the top performers. Some students were randomly assigned to lead in either an extraverted or introverted manner. The extraverted leaders were given examples of famous leaders who were bold, talkative and assertive, such as Martin Luther King, Jr. and Jack Welch. The introverted leaders were given examples of famous leaders who were quiet and reserved, such as Mahatma Gandhi and Abraham Lincoln. Both groups were then asked to reflect on a time when they led effectively in a similar manner. Meanwhile, two other graduate students, or confederates, were paired with each group and secretly told to act either passively or proactively, with proactive confederates offering a new, efficient away to fold T-shirts. The researchers found a significant interaction between extraverted leadership and proactive behavior that meshed with the findings from the pizza study. When the confederates were passive, teams performed better when led in an extraverted manner, but when the confederates were proactive, teams performed better when led in an introverted manner. When the confederates were proactive, participants perceived the more extraverted leaders as less receptive to ideas, and they invested less effort in the task, the researchers write. The implications of the power struggle for the leader-employee relationship and labor relations became very clear, according to Grant. At some level, the power struggle is finished, with the leader asserting authority and the employees saying, We re not going to work as hard on your behalf. The employees basically decided that Hey, these leaders are not receptive to good ideas . We dont really have a ton of respect for the leader. We dont want this leader to be one of the top performers. We want to feel, at the end of the day, like our ideas are valued and our contributions are appreciated. Interestingly, neither the introverted leaders nor the extraverted leaders showed higher productivity or profitability than the other. The difference, Grant and his researchers found, was in the pairing of leaders and employees. It shows that introverted and extraverted leadership styles can be equally effective, but with different groups of employees, he says. As a social scientist, this is appealing people in organizations are   Ã‚  All  materials  copyright  of  the  Wharton  School  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. Page  2  of  3 Analyzing Effective Leaders: Why Extraverts Are Not Always the Most Successful Bosses: [emailprotected] (http://knowledge. wharton. upenn. edu/article. cfm? articleid=2638) sufficiently complex that you c an rarely ever conclude that one style is always more effective than another. Our research provides insight into when each style is effective, as opposed to trying to test which one is better which I think is the wrong question. Given these conclusions, why does the popular view persist that extraverts are better leaders across the board? The authors point to several possible reasons: One is that extraverts are often perceived as more effective because of a halo effect. This may occur because extraverted leaders match the prototypes of charismatic leaders that dominate both [Western and Eastern cultures] and are especially prevalent in business, they write. One online survey of 1,500 senior leaders earning at least six-figure salaries found that 65% actually saw introversion as a negative quality in terms of leadership. Creating Space for Employees Grant says the study has broad implications for corporate leaders who want to examine their own leadership styles as well as make changes in the lower management ranks. We tend to assume that we need to be extremely enthusiastic, outgoing and assertive, and we try to bring employees on board with a lot of excitement, a clear vision and direction, Grant says, but there is real value in a leader being more reserved, quieter, in some cases silent, in order to create space for employees to enter the dialogue. He worked with the CEO of one Fortune 500 company who has a policy of silence for the first 15 minutes of meetings. He does not utter a single word, although he is an extravert. He feels that he has a tendency, once he gets excited about ideas, to run with them to the point where, at times, it leaves employees feeling like they werent included, Grant says. So he tries to combat that: I want you guys to tell me whatever youre thinking about suggestions, feedback, questions and the floor is yours. He listens quietly and takes notes. There are also lessons to be learned about giving employees authority and autonomy to make decisions on their own providing them with choice about what work they do, as well as how, when and where they complete it, Grant notes. One of the strongest predictors of proactivity is a sense of responsibility for the larger team or department or organization. When employees feel like they are responsible for a larger unit, they are much more likely to broaden their roles beyond their specific individual job descriptions. So how can managers actually implement some of the lessons from the study? Grant suggests that once prospective team members have the required skills and expertise, leaders can explicitly look at personality in making the final selection examining both the employees and the managers, figuring out which teams will work best together. When I have extraverted leaders, if I have the opportunity I tend to invite in some of the less proactive employees who I think are more likely to want a clear, dominant vision from a leader and who are also more likely to get energized, to step a little bit out of their comfort zones. And how do you identify those employees who might fit better with an introverted leader at the helm? By looking and listening, Grant says. Proactive employees, by definition, spend more of their time and energy taking initiative whether thats in terms of generating ideas, coming up with a new work process, staying late to help their colleagues or even going out of their way to seek feedback. You develop a reputation pretty quickly for that set o f tendencies. Extraverted leaders also need to be careful to delegate responsibility to proactive employees, Grant suggests putting such workers in areas where they have ideas for moving forward or want to take on larger responsibility. These leaders also should actively solicit feedback, positive and negative, and listen to it. Some companies employ 360-degree feedback surveys, but those can be harder to use in small groups. Asking for advice from employees on how to change can kill two birds with one stone, Grant says. It allows the leader to actually learn, and it creates opportunities for employees to contribute right there and then. This is a single/personal use copy of [emailprotected] For multiple copies, custom reprints, e-prints, posters or plaques, please contact PARS International: [emailprotected] com P. (212) 221-9595 x407. All  materials  copyright  of  the  Wharton  School  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. Page  3  of  3

Why Is a Scribe Essay Sample?

Why Is a Scribe Essay Sample?If you have taken an English course or even at an online college, you may have encountered an essay sample. These are sample essays that are posted by the instructor in a class and used as practice tests for the students to pass before the final exam. You may know what an essay is, but it is worth taking a minute to review what an essay is and how a question can be placed within it. A question is an embedded piece of information within an essay, which is usually the topic of the entire essay.An essay is made up of three parts: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. The essay can be composed of two parts, each on its own, or with the introduction included within the body. An introduction will take up the first four to six lines of the text and an introduction is generally a couple paragraphs long. In many cases, the introduction is a brief summary of the essay topic and often starts off with a quotation or sentence describing the style of writing and the purpose of the essay.The first part of the essay is usually the body. This consists of the opening paragraph, which contains the main point of the essay and sets the focus of the essay. A couple of sentences can be found in the introduction and the body can be found at the end of the body. An introduction and a couple of sentences in the body make up the body of the essay. A couple of brief sentences, that are related to the main point of the essay will normally be included within the body of the essay.The conclusion is usually the last part of an essay and is usually the last paragraph of the entire essay. In most cases, the ending of the essay follows the introduction and summary. The conclusion is usually given at the end of the body, ending the essay. Many times, the conclusion is given a few sentences at the end of the essay that is organized so as to be easy to read and follow.When looking over an essay sample, it can be very difficult to determine what the exact style of writing is. This style is the difference between a good and bad essay. The good part of writing an essay is that the essay should have an interesting topic and create a personal connection with the reader. A poorly written essay will create a bad personal connection with the reader.The reason why being a scribe essay sample is so important is because it can set the tone for the entire paper. Even though you are writing an essay, you must have a structure and you must use proper grammar to set the pace of the essay. A poorly written essay can ruin the entire experience for the reader.If you are a student who would like to be well-versed in the principles of writing and also keep up on the current trends, then why be a scribe essay sample. It is recommended that you use a good writing program that will guide you through the process of how to write an essay and help you create a professional quality essay. When using these software programs, make sure you get all the support you ne ed and that you become a master essay writer before you submit your work.